Queries on the WSC 2025 Regulations

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"A surface is directly exposed if light can travel in a straight line from any part of the sky, 

ground or road to the surface. Page 22.

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2.3 Wheels

2.3.1 Competition Vehicles must be supported by at least three wheels while driving

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2.12.9 The angle between PVC Pat’s shoulder, hip and knees must be more than 90°.

2.12.10 PVC Pat’s head can tilt forwards, but no more than 30° from the line of the spine.

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2.15.2 Each Competition Vehicle must have space for at least two litres of drinking water for 

each occupant (see Regulation 3.23.3).

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2.18 Steering

2.18.1 Steering must be controlled by a steering wheel designed so that it cannot catch on 

clothing while driving or when the driver exits the Competition Vehicle.

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Failure of any non-mechanical component of the steering system must not prevent 

effective steering of the Competition Vehicle."

I wish to convey my sincere congratulations on the team that prepare the regulations. I made a lot of queries on the 2021 WSC Regulations. This time, due to my recent awareness of the latest technologies I need more clarification.

As an introduction, I would like to enter my current designs into the WSC 2025 with the view of trying to get the highest position but with minimal costs. One is a Transparent SUV, a registered design with UKIPO. Another is a Transparent Velomobile, a one person Quadricycle with both 4 wheels and 2 wheels(motorcycle). There are many patentable ideas that are incorporated here but the UKIPO granted patent Zero Aerodynamic Drag Vehicles will be used.

These models are designed for public uses, not really for racing, but they can be modified to comply with additional racing requirements. I therefore need further clarifications on the regulations that are tailored for conventional designs. My designs do not follow convention but have the potential to be more efficient and safer.

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I would like to modify my Transparent Velomobile for the Challenger Class. This should be the cheapest especially the motorcycle, 2-wheeler versions. But because of the recumbent nature of the motorcycle, it will require 2 dolly wheels at low speed. These dolly wheels can be retracted at high speed.

For the Challenger class, my Velomobile only has a dimension of 2.5 x 0.7 x 0.7 m. Enough for a person lying down in the lay-back or recumbent position. The roof solar panels only contribute to 1.2 SQ. meter. The shape is the same as the registered design for the Transparent Solar Electric Car.

I just add wings at both sides to make up for the extra solar panels. To improve stability at low speed, the wheels at the wings can be raised sufficient high enough not to cause friction with the road. Fully retractable is not desirable because the wings can get damaged.

In order to comply, do I need to keep one of the support wheel on the ground all the time. Can I just put it 2cm above ground?

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Does it mean that my wing solar panels cannot be biracial but my cockpit can?

My cars are fully transparent so the solar panels on its roof can use bifacial solar panel without any penalty, can't it?

If not allowed, it will be unfair to novel technologies such as the Transparent Vehicles.

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The diagram of the seat only allows an inclination of 25 degrees but the PAT can tilt it's head 30 degrees. So can the seat also be tilted 30 degrees? Even this may be too small.

The layback position is the most comfortable and less stressful seating position especially for long durations. I discovered it myself when I tilted my seats more. A 66 year old person like me doesn't have a strong back anymore.

Of course my Velomobile can seat upright, but the drag will be high.

I can reduce the inclination of the seat but it will require a taller cockpit which is a common problem with WSC vehicles, compared to Human Powered Vehicles.

Visibility is not a problem for a Transparent Velomobile in the lay-back seating position. The major advantage of a Transparent Vehicle.

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Zero Aerodynamic Principle can use a lot of water to cool the passengers and the cabin so will need a lot of water. What is the maximum amount of water allowed for dehydration and cooling purposes inside the cockpit/cabin.

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Does it mean a bicycle handlebar is not allowed? I prefer handlebars because they improve visibility and lighter. Should be much cheaper as well and will be the main steering mechanism for my production cars if allowed.

Does it also mean steering stalks are not allowed?

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I just learned that the Electronic Stability Control actually uses the brakes to steer the car that are out of control. It is a free patent given out by Mercedes. Can we claim that ESC is an alternative steering mechanism?

My cars will use vectored steering in a steering by wire method. Cyber truck uses steering by wire although it still tilts the wheels in order steer causing more drag.

Transparent Velomobile adapted for WSC2025.